In the complex landscape of human interaction, the word "evil" is thrown around quite liberally. But what is evil in reality? Is there a working definition that can help us tune out the noise and focus on the signal of evil when it presents?
Let's take a look at John Boyd's briefing, "The Strategic Game of ? and ?." Here we find a clear definition of evil and profound insight about its nature. At its core is a paradox that exposes the complexities within human dynamics. The quote taken from Boyd's briefing captures this paradox:
"Evil: Occurs when individuals or groups embrace codes of conduct or standards of behavior for their own personal well-being and social approval, yet violate those very same codes or standards to undermine the personal well-being and social approval of others."
This definition seems straightforward. It challenges us to dive deeper and think on the intricacies of human morality. It sheds light on the dual nature of the human moral and ethical compass. Principles adopted for personal gain can be manipulated to inflict harm upon others. By defining evil in this way, Boyd helps us recognize its presence all around us with greater clarity.
Boyd's insight transcends the literary and cinematic archetypes of villains. Instead we can look into the subtleties of human behavior. We can see the hypocrisy inherent in individuals or groups who profess virtuous ideals. These act as a cover for their engaging in actions that betray those very principles. This dichotomy between rhetoric and reality highlights the insidious nature of evil. It is often veiled beneath a facade of righteousness.
Think of a politician who champions integrity and transparency in public. Yet behind the scenes they succumb to corruption* behind closed doors. Or maybe the corporate executive who espouses ethical business practices. But to employees, customers and shareholders they perpetrate systemic injustices. These examples epitomize Boyd's definition. They reveal the moral contradictions that are sadly often the norm and not the exception.
Boyd's insights extend beyond individual behavior to encompass the dynamics of groups. Entire societies or organizations can succumb to the allure of collective hypocrisy. They embrace lofty values while perpetuating systemic oppression or discrimination. In such cases, the pursuit of power or status eclipses any commitment to ethical conduct. This can result in a perversion of professed values.
The significance of Boyd's definition is rooted in its capacity to unveil the deception inherent in acts of evil. He exposes the contradiction between stated values and actual behavior. This provides a clear understanding of evil in its variety of forms. It challenges us to look beyond what we can see. We must be diligent and scrutinize the motivations that drive human decisions and actions. We must also be aware that the guise of virtue often hides a darker reality.
In a world chock full of moral ambiguity, Boyd's insights serve as a beacon. They compel us to be jealously protective of our own integrity. We are called to hold ourselves and others accountable to high standards of conduct. If we confront the paradox of evil head-on, we can aspire to promote a culture grounded in principles and virtue.
Boyd’s definition of evil can help us to navigate the complexities of human morality with resolve. It empowers us to confront the deceit and manipulation that undermine the cohesion of our groups and organizations. By understanding this definition of evil, we can stay focused on the journey toward a more enlightened and ethical future.
*Boyd also defines "corruption" in this brief, which will be discussed in a later article.
Another great piece….